Prahok: Cambodia's fermented fish paste
Prahok is a pungent fermented fish paste at the heart of Khmer cooking. Here's how it's made, how it's used and the best dishes for first-timers to try it in.
In this guide
Prahok is one of the most important ingredients in Cambodian cooking and one of the most surprising for visitors. It's a fermented fish paste with a strong smell and a deep, salty flavour. Cambodians sometimes call it "Cambodian cheese", and it's used in countless dishes.
How it's made
Prahok is traditionally made from small freshwater fish caught when the Tonle Sap and other waters recede after the rainy season. The fish are cleaned, crushed, salted and left to ferment, sometimes for months. Making prahok is a seasonal activity, and in some places you'll see families preparing it near the rivers.
Why it matters
Prahok was historically a way to preserve fish for the dry season, providing protein and flavour year-round. It's still a staple in many households, especially in rural areas.
How it's used
- As a seasoning: a small amount adds depth to soups, curries and stir-fries.
- In dips: mixed with other ingredients and served with raw vegetables.
- Grilled: wrapped in banana leaves and grilled.
- Fried: with minced pork and chilli.
Dishes to try
- Prahok ktis: a creamy dip of prahok, minced pork, coconut milk and kroeung, eaten with vegetables. A great introduction.
- Prahok chien: fried prahok, often served with vegetables and rice.
- Samlor korko: the national soup, which often includes prahok.
- Prahok aing: prahok grilled in banana leaves.
The taste
On its own, prahok is very salty and pungent. In cooked dishes, it adds savoury depth rather than an overpowering fishiness.
Buying prahok
You'll see prahok sold in markets in jars or large containers. If you want to take some home, check your country's import rules first, as fish products are often restricted.
Tips for first-timers
- Start with prahok ktis, which is mild and creamy.
- If you're unsure, ask whether a dish contains prahok.
Frequently asked questions
Is prahok safe to eat?
Prahok used in cooked dishes from reputable restaurants is safe for most people. If you have a sensitive stomach, start with cooked dishes rather than raw preparations.